ÍòÀû¹ÙÍø

ÍòÀû¡¤(ÖйúÇø)ÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾¹ÙÍø

ѧϰ԰µØ

Ä¿½ñλÖãº ÍøÕ¾Ê×Ò³ > ѧϰ԰µØ > ÕýÎÄ >

2023Äê £¬ÎÒÃÇÐèÒªÔõÑùµÄÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«Éñ

ʱ¼ä£º2023-02-05 ȪԴ£º¾­¼ÃÊӲ챨 ×÷ÕߣºÐí±ó µã»÷Êý£º

µ¼¶Á

Ò¼  ||  µ±ÎÒÃÇ¿´µ½Õû¸öÉç»áÕÙ»½ÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«Éñ¹éÀ´ £¬ËµÃ÷ÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«ÉñÕý´¦ÓÚ¡°ÐÝÃß¡±×´Ì¬¡£½ÐÐÑÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«Éñ £¬ÐèÒª×ðÖØ·ÇÕýÊ½ÖÆ¶È £¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÕþ¸®Ö´·¨²¿·ÖºÍî¿Ïµ²¿·ÖÒª×ðÖØ²»¿ÉÎĵÄ×óȯ¾«Éñ £¬ÕâµãºÜÊÇÖ÷Òª¡£

·¡  ||  ÏÖÔÚÌᳫ»Ø¹é³õÐÄ £¬ÖØËܺͽøÒ»²½ºëÑïÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«Éñ £¬³õÐľÍÊÇˢпª·Å¡£Ë¢Ð¾ÍÊÇ×ß×ðÖØ×óȯ¾«ÉñµÄÊг¡»¯õè¾¶ £¬Ã»ÓÐÊг¡»¯¾ÍûÓÐÆóÒµ¼ÒȺÌå £¬¸ü̸²»ÉϽ¨ÉèÌìÏÂÒ»Á÷ÆóÒµ¡£

Èþ  ||  Î´À´ÕæÕýµÄÆóÒµ¼Ò»á·ºÆðÔÚÄêÇáÈËÖÐÐÄ¡£Æ¾Ö¤´óÊý¶¨ÂÉ £¬ÔÚÖйúÕâô´óµÄÉú³Ý»ùÊýÉÏ £¬Ò»¶¨»áÓÐÐí¶à¾ßÓÐÆóÒµ¼ÒÌØÖÊDZÁ¦µÄÈ˲Å¡£ÓÐDZÁ¦»¹ÒªÊ©Õ¹³öÀ´ £¬½ð×ÓÂñÔÚÍÁÀïÒ»ÍòÄêÒ²·¢²»Á˹â¡£ÄêÇáÈËÈô²»ÖªµÀ×Ô¼ºÓÐÊ²Ã´ÌØÖÊDZÁ¦ £¬¾ÍÒª¶àʵÑé £¬¿´×Ô¼ºÊÇÊʺÏ×öѧÕß¡¢×÷¼ÒÕվɹ«ÎñÔ± £¬Òª×ßÊʺÏ×Ô¼ºµÄõè¾¶¡£

ÐܱËÌØ£¨Joseph Schumpeter£©ÊÇÆóÒµ¼Ò¾­¼Ãѧ»òÕß˵Á¢Òì¾­¼Ãѧ֮¸¸ £¬ËûÌá³ö¾­¼ÃÊǸö¶¯Ì¬µÄÀú³Ì¡£ÔÚ¾²Ì¬µÄʱ¼ä £¬¹Åµä¾­¼ÃѧÒÔΪÀûÈóÂÊ»áÇ÷ÓÚÁã¡£ÈôÊÇÀûÈóÂÊÇ÷ÓÚÁã £¬Ë­»¹»áÀ´×·ÖðÀûÈó£¿ÐܱËÌØËµ £¬ÔÚ¶¯Ì¬Àú³ÌÖÐ £¬ÔÚ¾²Ì¬ºÍ¾²Ì¬×ª»»Àú³ÌÖÐ £¬±£´æ×ÅÓâ¶îÀûÈó¡£Á¢ÒìÕß×·ÖðµÄ¾ÍÊÇÓâ¶îÀûÈó £¬×·Öðµ½Á˾Í׬Ǯ £¬×·Öð²»µ½¾Í¿÷Ë𠣬ÆóÒµ¼ÒÄõľÍÊÇÕâ¸ö²»È·¶¨µÄÊÕÒæ¡£

¾­¼ÃÔöÌíÀíÂÛÖÐÓÐÒ»¸ö¿´·¨½Ð¡°Ë÷ÂåÊ£Óࡱ£¨Solow Residual£© £¬ÔÚ˼Á¿ËùÓÐÉú²úÒªËØÍ¶Èë¶Ô¾­¼ÃÔöÌíµÄТ˳ºó £¬Ê£ÏÂÄÇÒ»²¿·Ö±»³ÆÎª¡°Ë÷ÂåÊ£Óࡱ £¬Ëü²»¿É±»Ö±½ÓÊӲ쵽 £¬µ«ÆÕ±éÒÔΪËü·´Ó¦µÄÊÇÉú²úЧÂÊ £¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇÈ«ÒªËØÉú²úÂÊ£¨TFP£©¡£

01ÆóÒµ¼Ò×·ÇóµÄÊÇ¡°ÐܱËÌØÊ£Óࡱ

ÎÒÌá³öÒ»¸öп´·¨¡ª¡ª¡°ÐܱËÌØÊ£Óࡱ£¨Schumpeterian Residual£© £¬¼´Ò»¸ö¹ú¼ÒµÄ¾­¼ÃÔÚ¶¯Ì¬Àú³ÌÖÐÁô¸øÄ³Ð©Óе¨Ê¶¡¢¾ßÓÐÆóÒµ¼ÒÌØÖʵÄÈËʿȥ׷ÖðµÄÊ£Óà¡£ÓÐЩ¾­¼Ãѧ¼ÒÒÔΪÎ÷·½ÏÖ´ú¾­¼ÃѧûÓÐ˼Á¿µ½ÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«Éñ £¬ÄÇ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ1990Äê֮ǰµÄÊÂÇé¡£1990ÄêÒÔºó £¬ÄÚÉú¾­¼ÃÔöÌíÀíÂÛ½µÉú £¬ÆäÖÐÓÐÒ»¸öÖ÷Òª·ÖÖ§¾ÍÊÇ¡°ÐܱËÌØÔöÌíÀíÂÛ¡± £¬°ÑÔ¤ÆÚÓâ¶îÀûÈó £¬¼´¡°ÐܱËÌØÊ£Óࡱ˼Á¿½øÈ¥×öÁ˶¯Ì¬Ä£×Ó¡£

ÔÚºê¹Û²ãÃæ £¬ÎÒÃDz¢²»¹Ø×¢Ä³¸öÆóÒµ¼ÒÊÇÓ®ÕÕ¾ÉÊä £¬¶øÊÇÌåÌùÕû¸öÆóÒµ¼ÒȺÌåÔÚÒ»¸ö¹ú¼Ò¾­¼ÃÖÐÓ®Á˼¸¶à¡¢ÊÎÑÝÁËʲô½ÇÉ«¡£ÔÚÌÖÂÛÆóÒµ¼ÒÐ¢Ë³Ê±Éæ¼°¡°×ÜÁ¿¡±¡°¶¯Ì¬¡±¡°Öƶȡ±Èý¸öÒªº¦´Ê¡£

×ÜÁ¿Òâζ×ÅÕâ²»ÊǹØÓÚ¸öÌåµÄÎÊÌâ¡£ÎÒÃDz»ÌåÌùË­»áÊÇÖйúµÄÂí˹¿Ë £¬¶øÌåÌùÖйúδÀ´ÄÜ·ñÓµÓд´ÒµÁ¢ÒìµÄÈ˲ÅȺÌå¡£

¶¯Ì¬Òâζ×Ų»¿É¿´Ä³¸öʱµã £¬¶øÒª¿´ÌݶÈÉÏÉý £¬ÆóÒµ¼ÒÌØÖÊÒ²ÊÇ·ÖÌݶӵÄ¡£ÖйúÏÖÔÚµÄÑз¢Í¶ÈëÊýÄ¿ºÜ´ó £¬µ«Ñз¢ÖÊÁ¿ÊÂʵÔõÑù£¿Îôʱ»Ø¹éÖйúÑÐÖÆ³öÔ­×Óµ¯µÄǮѧɭ £¬±»Ò»Î»ÃÀ¹ú½«¾üÊÓΪ¡°Ò»Ð¡ÎÒ˽¼ÒµÖµÃÉÏÎå¸öʦ¡± £¬Õâ¾ÍÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¶Ô¸ßÌØÖʵÄÒ»¶¨¡£

ÖÆ¶È°üÀ¨ÕýÊ½ÖÆ¶ÈºÍ·ÇÕýÊ½ÖÆ¶È¡£ÒªºëÑïÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«Éñ £¬Ê×ÏÈÒª×ðÖØÐ´ÔÚÖ½ÉϵÄÖ´·¨ £¬Í¬Ê±Òª×ðÖØÃ»ÓÐд³ÉÎÄ×ÖµÄ×óȯ¡£ÆóÒµ¼Ò¾ÍÊÇË­È˳ÔÁ˱ª×Óµ¨µÄÈË £¬ÆäÐÐΪ¿ÉÄܲ»ÇкÏÉç»á¹æ·¶ £¬ÊÇ·ñÔÊÐíËûÈ¥Ðж¯ÊÇÎÞ·¨ÓÃÎÄ×ÖÀ´±íÊöµÄ¡£

µ±ÎÒÃÇ¿´µ½Õû¸öÉç»áÕÙ»½ÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«Éñ¹éÀ´ £¬ËµÃ÷ÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«ÉñÕý´¦ÓÚ¡°ÐÝÃß¡±×´Ì¬¡£½ÐÐÑÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«Éñ £¬ÐèÒª×ðÖØ·ÇÕýÊ½ÖÆ¶È £¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÕþ¸®Ö´·¨²¿·ÖºÍî¿Ïµ²¿·ÖÒª×ðÖØ²»¿ÉÎĵÄ×óȯ¾«Éñ £¬ÕâµãºÜÊÇÖ÷Òª¡£

02¼á³Ö×ðÖØ×óȯ¾«ÉñµÄÊг¡»¯Ë¢ÐÂ

ÖйúÔÚˢпª·ÅʱÆÚµÄÀֳɿ¿µÄÊÇÆóÒµ¼ÒȺÌå¡£20ÊÀ¼Í80ÄêÔ £¬ÕûÆäÖйúÉç»áµÄÆø·Õ¾ÍÊDz»ÌÉÆ½ £¬ºÜÊÇÓлîÁ¦¡£

ÏÖÔÚÌᳫ»Ø¹é³õÐÄ £¬ÖØËܺͽøÒ»²½ºëÑïÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«Éñ £¬³õÐľÍÊÇˢпª·Å¡£Ë¢Ð¾ÍÊÇ×ß×ðÖØ×óȯ¾«ÉñµÄÊг¡»¯õè¾¶ £¬Ã»ÓÐÊг¡»¯¾ÍûÓÐÆóÒµ¼ÒȺÌå £¬¸ü̸²»ÉϽ¨ÉèÌìÏÂÒ»Á÷ÆóÒµ¡£

¿ª·Å¾ÍÊÇѧϰÍâÑó £¬ÍâÑóµÄ¹¤¾ßÓÐÐí¶àÔãÆÉ £¬µ«ÈôÊÇû¼û¹ýÍâÑóµÄ¹¤¾ß £¬Ôõô֪µÀÓÅÁÓÖ®±ð£¿ÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«ÉñµÄºëÑïÒÔÖ»ùÓÚÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«Éñ½¨ÉèÌìÏÂÒ»Á÷µÄÆóÒµ £¬¶¼Àë²»¿ªÕâ¸ö³õÐÄ£ºÒª¼á³Ö×ðÖØ×óȯ¾«ÉñµÄÊг¡»¯Ë¢Ð £¬¼á³Ö¶ÔÍ⿪·Å £¬È¥ÆäÔãÆÉ £¬È¡ÆäÓ¢»ª¡£

03¶ÔÇéÐΡ¢Éç»áºÍÖÎÀí¼á³ÖÃô¸Ð

δÀ´ÕæÕýµÄÆóÒµ¼Ò»á·ºÆðÔÚÄêÇáÈËÖÐÐÄ¡£Æ¾Ö¤´óÊý¶¨ÂÉ £¬ÔÚÖйúÕâô´óµÄÉú³Ý»ùÊýÉÏ £¬Ò»¶¨»áÓÐÐí¶à¾ßÓÐÆóÒµ¼ÒÌØÖÊDZÁ¦µÄÈ˲Å¡£ÓÐDZÁ¦»¹ÒªÊ©Õ¹³öÀ´ £¬½ð×ÓÂñÔÚÍÁÀïÒ»ÍòÄêÒ²·¢²»Á˹â¡£ÄêÇáÈËÈô²»ÖªµÀ×Ô¼ºÓÐÊ²Ã´ÌØÖÊDZÁ¦ £¬¾ÍÒª¶àʵÑé £¬¿´×Ô¼ºÊÇÊʺÏ×öѧÕß¡¢×÷¼ÒÕվɹ«ÎñÔ± £¬Òª×ßÊʺÏ×Ô¼ºµÄõè¾¶¡£

Õû¸öÉç»áÓÈÆäÊÇÕþ¸® £¬ÒªÎªÄêÇáÈËÁ¢Òì´´Òµ´´Á¢ºÃµÄÌõ¼þ £¬ÒªÈÃÖйúµÄÄêÇáÈ˼´±ãÈ¥ÍâÑóÁôѧÉîÔì £¬Ò²»á½«»Øµ½ÖйúÁ¢Òì´´Òµ×÷Ϊ²»¶þÑ¡Ôñ¡£Õû¸öÉç»áÒªºôÓõÓëʱ¾ã½øÅàÓýÆóÒµ¼ÒµÄÆø·Õ¡£ÒÅÍüÄÇÐ©ÒÆÃñÍâÑóµÄÈË £¬ËûÃÇ»òÐíÔø¾ßÓÐÆóÒµ¼ÒÌØÖÊ £¬µ«Ñ¡ÔñÌÉÆ½Õâ¸öÐж¯×Ô¼º¾Í·´Ó¦³öÆäÒѲ»Ôپ߱¸ÌôÕ½ÏÖʵµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£

ÔÚÄ¿½ñʱ´ú £¬ÈôÊDz»ÌáESG£¨ÇéÐΡ¢Éç»áºÍÖÎÀí£©ÊÇÏ൱ÂäÎéµÄ¡£Éç»áÏëÒªÃãÀøºÍºëÑïµÄÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«Éñ £¬Ó¦°üÀ¨¶ÔÇéÐεÄÃô¸Ð¡¢¶ÔÉç»áµÄ¾ì×¢¡¢¶ÔÖÎÀíµÄ¹Ø×¢¡£ESGÒ»¶¨ÊÇδÀ´ÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«ÉñÖ÷ÒªµÄ×é³É²¿·Ö £¬¸ÒðÏÕ¡¢¸Ò×÷Ϊ £¬Ò²Òª¶ÔÇéÐΡ¢Éç»áºÍÖÎÀíÓÐÃô¸Ð¶È £¬Õâ²ÅÊÇÎÒÃÇÏëÒªµÄÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«Éñ¡£

×îºó £¬ÎÒÃÇÒªÌᳫ¸ßÉÐµÄÆ·µÂ±ê×¼ºÍ×ÔÁ¦Ë¼Ë÷µÄÄÜÁ¦¡£Ò»Ð¡ÎÒ˽¼ÒÊÇ·ñÓÐÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«ÉñºÜÖ÷Òª £¬¿ÉÊÇ·ñÓÐ¸ßµÄÆ·µÂ±ê×¼ºÍ×ÔÁ¦µÄ˼Ë÷ÄÜÁ¦¸üÖ÷Òª¡£

£¨×÷ÕßϵÖÐÅ·¹ú¼Ê¹¤ÉÌѧԺ¾­¼ÃѧÓë½ðÈÚѧ½ÌÊÚ¡¢Îâ¾´çö¾­¼Ãѧ½Ìϯ½ÌÊÚ£©

ÍøÕ¾µØÍ¼